Languages & Literature of Assam
Discover Assam’s rich linguistic diversity and timeless literary heritage, from ancient scripts to modern voices.
The languages and literature of Assam reflect the soul of its people. With Assamese as the principal language, alongside Bodo, Bengali, and more than 20 tribal dialects, Assam is a land of linguistic diversity. Its literature, from ancient texts to modern poetry and novels, continues to shape Assamese identity and culture.
Assamese Language – The Heart of Assam
The Assamese language (Asomiya) is the official and most widely spoken language of the state. It has evolved from Prakrit and Sanskrit traditions, using the Eastern Nagari script. Its soft phonetics and expressive vocabulary make it ideal for poetry, songs, and storytelling.
Tribal and Regional Languages
Assam is home to diverse ethnic languages including Bodo, Mishing, Karbi, Rabha, Dimasa, and Tiwa. Each carries unique folk songs, myths, and legends. This linguistic diversity enriches Assam’s cultural identity.
Assamese Literature – Ancient to Medieval
Early works like Charyapada (8th–12th century) mark the roots of Assamese literature. The medieval era flourished with Srimanta Sankardeva and Madhavdeva, whose Borgeet, dramas, and prose spread Vaishnavite philosophy and cultural revival.
Modern Assamese Literature
The 19th–20th centuries brought writers like Lakshminath Bezbarua, Hemchandra Goswami, Indira Goswami, and Bhupen Hazarika. Their works—patriotic, cultural, and humanist—shaped modern Assamese literature with global recognition.
Oral Traditions and Folk Literature
Folk tales like Burhi Aair Xaadhu, proverbs, riddles, and ballads preserve the wisdom of rural Assam. Storytelling during Bihu, lullabies, and tribal myths keep oral traditions alive and inspire written literature.
Literature on the Global Stage
Assamese literature today shines internationally through translations and digital platforms. Writers like Indira Goswami gained global recognition, while Assamese poetry and novels are studied in world literature courses.